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    Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).

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    Authors
    Perez-Cornago, Aurora
    Travis, Ruth C
    Appleby, Paul N
    Tsilidis, Konstantinos K
    Tjønneland, Anne
    Olsen, Anja
    Overvad, Kim
    Katzke, Verena
    Kühn, Tilman
    Trichopoulou, Antonia
    Peppa, Eleni
    Kritikou, Maria
    Sieri, Sabina
    Palli, Domenico
    Sacerdote, Carlotta
    Tumino, Rosario
    Bueno-de-Mesquita, H B As
    Agudo, Antonio
    Larrañaga, Nerea
    Molina-Portillo, Elena
    Ardanaz, Eva
    Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores
    Lasheras, Cristina
    Stattin, Pär
    Wennberg, Maria
    Drake, Isabel
    Malm, Johan
    Schmidt, Julie A
    Khaw, Kay-Tee
    Gunter, Marc
    Freisling, Heinz
    Huybrechts, Inge
    Aune, Dagfinn
    Cross, Amanda J
    Riboli, Elio
    Key, Timothy J
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    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
    Published in
    Int J Cancer 2017; 141(2):287-97
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Several dietary factors have been studied in relation to prostate cancer; however, most studies have not reported on subtypes of fruit and vegetables or tumor characteristics, and results obtained so far are inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the prospective association of total and subtypes of fruit and vegetable intake with the incidence of prostate cancer overall, by grade and stage of disease, and prostate cancer death. Lifestyle information for 142,239 men participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition from 8 European countries was collected at baseline. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). After an average follow-up time of 13.9 years, 7,036 prostate cancer cases were identified. Compared with the lowest fifth, those in the highest fifth of total fruit intake had a significantly reduced prostate cancer risk (HR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.83-0.99; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between fruit subtypes and prostate cancer risk were observed, except for citrus fruits, where a significant trend was found (HR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.86-1.02; p-trend = 0.01). No associations between total and subtypes of vegetables and prostate cancer risk were observed. We found no evidence of heterogeneity in these associations by tumor grade and stage, with the exception of significant heterogeneity by tumor grade (pheterogeneity <0.001) for leafy vegetables. No significant associations with prostate cancer death were observed. The main finding of this prospective study was that a higher fruit intake was associated with a small reduction in prostate cancer risk. Whether this association is causal remains unclear.
    DOI
    10.1002/ijc.30741
    PMID
    28419475
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/621304
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/ijc.30741
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