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    Unveiling the important roles of coexisting contaminants on photochemical transformations of pharmaceuticals: Fibrate drugs as a case study.

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    Authors
    Zhang, Ya-Nan
    Zhou, Yangjian
    Qu, Jiao
    Chen, Jingwen
    Zhao, Jianchen
    Lu, Ying
    Li, Chao
    Xie, Qing
    Peijnenburg, Willie J G M
    Type
    Article
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Unveiling the important roles of coexisting contaminants on photochemical transformations of pharmaceuticals: Fibrate drugs as a case study.
    Published in
    J Hazard Mater 2018; 358:216-21
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Pharmaceuticals are a group of ubiquitous emerging pollutants, many of which have been shown to undergo efficient photolysis in the environment. Photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) sensitized by the pharmaceuticals in sunlit natural waters may induce photodegradation of coexisting compounds. In this study, the roles of coexisting contaminants on the phototransformation of pharmaceuticals were unveiled with the fibrate drugs gemfibrozil (GMF), fenofibrate (FNF), and fenofibric acid (FNFA) as model compounds. GMF undergoes initial concentration dependent photodegradation due to the involvement of singlet oxygen (1O2) initiated self-sensitized photolysis, and undergoes pH dependent photodegradation due to dissociation and hydroxyl radical (OH) generation. The decarboxylated intermediates of GMF and coexisting FNFA significantly accelerated the photodegradation of GMF. The promotional effects of the decarboxylated intermediates are attributed to generation of PPRIs, e.g. 1O2, superoxide (O2-), that subsequently react with GMF. Besides, FNFA can also promote the photodegradation of GMF through the electron transfer reaction from ground state GMF to excited state FNFA, leading to the formation of decarboxylated intermediates. The formed intermediates can subsequently also facilitate GMF photodegradation. The results presented here provided valuable novel insights into the effects of coexisting contaminants on the photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in polluted waters.
    DOI
    10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.068
    PMID
    29990809
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/622099
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.068
    Scopus Count
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