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    Advies voor een handreiking met afwegingskader risicoanalyse ZZS in afval

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    Authors
    Zweers PGPC
    Verhoeven JK
    Wassenaar PNH
    Spijker J
    Luit RJ
    Ganzevles JH
    Janssen MPM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM briefrapport 2017-0168
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Advies voor een handreiking met afwegingskader risicoanalyse ZZS in afval
    Translated Title
    Advice for guidance with background document for performing a risk inventory for substances of very high concern in waste streams
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Veel initiatieven zijn gaande, zowel in beleid als in de praktijk, om afval te hergebruiken (op weg naar een meer circulaire economie). Afval kan schadelijke stoffen bevatten die niet in het milieu mogen komen. Om te voorkomen dat dat gebeurt, gelden voorschriften. Voor afval dat zeer zorgwekkende stoffen (ZZS) bevat gelden extra regels op basis waarvan wordt afgewogen of het afval kan worden hergebruikt of moet worden vernietigd. Deze voorschriften maken deel uit van een nieuwe versie van het landelijke afvalbeheerplan (LAP3), dat eind 2017 is verschenen. Een onderdeel van het afvalbeheerplan is een risicoanalyse van de ZZS in afval, als de stoffen niet van het afval kunnen worden gescheiden. Het RIVM geeft in een handreiking en afwegingskader adviezen hoe de risicoanalyse van de ZZS in afval uit te voeren. De handreiking bestaat uit een stappenschema op basis waarvan een vergunninghouder kan afwegen of het afval veilig te recyclen is. Daarvoor moet de vergunninghouder eerst nagaan of de ZZS afgescheiden kunnen worden van de afvalstroom. Dit heeft de voorkeur. Als dat niet kan, is een risicoanalyse nodig van het ZZS-houdende afval voor de beoogde toepassing. De uitkomst daarvan geeft uitsluitsel of de risico's van de aanwezige ZZS aanvaardbaar zijn of niet. Uitgangspunt voor de risicoanalyse zijn de aspecten die volgens LAP3 dienen te worden meegewogen. Een voorbeeld is de mate waarin de ZZS uit het beoogde product vrijkomt. Als de risico's nog onvoldoende helder zijn, biedt het stappenplan een mogelijkheid om ze nader te bepalen. Als de risico's dan nog onaanvaardbaar blijken, kan geen vergunning worden afgegeven voor de toepassing. Er zal dan naar een minder risicovolle toepassing van het ZZS-houdende afval gezocht moeten worden, waarbij de risico's wel aanvaardbaar blijken. Het afwegingskader geeft wat meer achtergrondinformatie over enkele aspecten uit LAP3. Daarnaast biedt het overwegingen en aanbevelingen om de risicoanalyse verder te ontwikkelen.
    Currently there are all kinds of ongoing initiatives to recycle waste streams (circular economy). Waste can contain hazardous substances. Regulations exist to prevent hazardous substances from ending up in the environment. Waste which contains substances of very high concern are subject to specific rules which provide a basis for deciding whether they can be recycled or should be disposed of. These regulations are part of the national waste management plan (LAP3), which went into force end of 2017. Part of the national waste management plan is a risk inventory with respect to substances of very high concern, in case that these substances not can be separated from the waste. RIVM advices with this guidance and background document on how to perform a risk inventory. The guidance describes a decision scheme for authorisation holders to decide whether the waste stream can be safely recycled. At first hand the authorisation holder should consider if the substance of very high concern can be removed from the waste stream. If the substance of very high concern cannot be removed a risk inventory is needed for the applications of interest. The outcome of the risk inventory provides insight if the risk related to the presence of substance of very high concern is acceptable or not. The basis of the risk inventory is a set of aspects which have to be considered according to LAP3. An example of one of these aspects is to what extent a substance of very high concern can be released from the new product. When the outcome of the risk inventory is not decisive, the decision scheme provides a possibility to refine the risk inventory. If risks are determined to be not acceptable, no authorisation can be granted for the new application. An alternative application should than be selected for which risks are considered acceptable. The background document provides additional background information for some of the aspects in LAP3. In addition, it provides considerations and recommendations for further development of the risk inventory.
    Currently there are all kinds of ongoing initiatives to recycle waste streams (circular economy). Waste can contain hazardous substances. Regulations exist to prevent hazardous substances from ending up in the environment. Waste which contains substances of very high concern are subject to specific rules which provide a basis for deciding whether they can be recycled or should be disposed of. These regulations are part of the national waste management plan (LAP3), which went into force end of 2017. Part of the national waste management plan is a risk inventory with respect to substances of very high concern, in case that these substances not can be separated from the waste. RIVM advices with this guidance and background document on how to perform a risk inventory. The guidance describes a decision scheme for authorisation holders to decide whether the waste stream can be safely recycled. At first hand the authorisation holder should consider if the substance of very high concern can be removed from the waste stream. If the substance of very high concern cannot be removed a risk inventory is needed for the applications of interest. The outcome of the risk inventory provides insight if the risk related to the presence of substance of very high concern is acceptable or not. The basis of the risk inventory is a set of aspects which have to be considered according to LAP3. An example of one of these aspects is to what extent a substance of very high concern can be released from the new product. When the outcome of the risk inventory is not decisive, the decision scheme provides a possibility to refine the risk inventory. If risks are determined to be not acceptable, no authorisation can be granted for the new application. An alternative application should than be selected for which risks are considered acceptable. The background document provides additional background information for some of the aspects in LAP3. In addition, it provides considerations and recommendations for further development of the risk inventory.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Rijkswaterstaat
    DOI
    10.21945/RIVM-2017-0168
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/622163
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.21945/RIVM-2017-0168
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