Show simple item record

dc.contributor.authorBurnett, Richard
dc.contributor.authorChen, Hong
dc.contributor.authorSzyszkowicz, Mieczysław
dc.contributor.authorFann, Neal
dc.contributor.authorHubbell, Bryan
dc.contributor.authorPope, C Arden
dc.contributor.authorApte, Joshua S
dc.contributor.authorBrauer, Michael
dc.contributor.authorCohen, Aaron
dc.contributor.authorWeichenthal, Scott
dc.contributor.authorCoggins, Jay
dc.contributor.authorDi, Qian
dc.contributor.authorBrunekreef, Bert
dc.contributor.authorFrostad, Joseph
dc.contributor.authorLim, Stephen S
dc.contributor.authorKan, Haidong
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Katherine D
dc.contributor.authorThurston, George D
dc.contributor.authorHayes, Richard B
dc.contributor.authorLim, Chris C
dc.contributor.authorTurner, Michelle C
dc.contributor.authorJerrett, Michael
dc.contributor.authorKrewski, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorGapstur, Susan M
dc.contributor.authorDiver, W Ryan
dc.contributor.authorOstro, Bart
dc.contributor.authorGoldberg, Debbie
dc.contributor.authorCrouse, Daniel L
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Randall V
dc.contributor.authorPeters, Paul
dc.contributor.authorPinault, Lauren
dc.contributor.authorTjepkema, Michael
dc.contributor.authorvan Donkelaar, Aaron
dc.contributor.authorVilleneuve, Paul J
dc.contributor.authorMiller, Anthony B
dc.contributor.authorYin, Peng
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Maigeng
dc.contributor.authorWang, Lijun
dc.contributor.authorJanssen, Nicole A H
dc.contributor.authorMarra, Marten
dc.contributor.authorAtkinson, Richard W
dc.contributor.authorTsang, Hilda
dc.contributor.authorQuoc Thach, Thuan
dc.contributor.authorCannon, John B
dc.contributor.authorAllen, Ryan T
dc.contributor.authorHart, Jaime E
dc.contributor.authorLaden, Francine
dc.contributor.authorCesaroni, Giulia
dc.contributor.authorForastiere, Francesco
dc.contributor.authorWeinmayr, Gudrun
dc.contributor.authorJaensch, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorNagel, Gabriele
dc.contributor.authorConcin, Hans
dc.contributor.authorSpadaro, Joseph V
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-19T11:15:44Z
dc.date.available2018-11-19T11:15:44Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.citationGlobal estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter. 2018, 115 (38):9592-9597 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.en
dc.identifier.issn1091-6490
dc.identifier.pmid30181279
dc.identifier.doi10.1073/pnas.1803222115
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10029/622233
dc.description.abstractExposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM2.5 sources (outdoor and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuels and secondhand and active smoking), requiring assumptions about equivalent exposure and toxicity. We relax these contentious assumptions by constructing a PM2.5-mortality hazard ratio function based only on cohort studies of outdoor air pollution that covers the global exposure range. We modeled the shape of the association between PM2.5 and nonaccidental mortality using data from 41 cohorts from 16 countries-the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). We then constructed GEMMs for five specific causes of death examined by the global burden of disease (GBD). The GEMM predicts 8.9 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5-10.3] deaths in 2015, a figure 30% larger than that predicted by the sum of deaths among the five specific causes (6.9; 95% CI: 4.9-8.5) and 120% larger than the risk function used in the GBD (4.0; 95% CI: 3.3-4.8). Differences between the GEMM and GBD risk functions are larger for a 20% reduction in concentrations, with the GEMM predicting 220% higher excess deaths. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure may be related to additional causes of death than the five considered by the GBD and that incorporation of risk information from other, nonoutdoor, particle sources leads to underestimation of disease burden, especially at higher concentrations.
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsArchived with thanks to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americaen
dc.subject.meshAir Pollutants
dc.subject.meshAir Pollution
dc.subject.meshBayes Theorem
dc.subject.meshCohort Studies
dc.subject.meshEnvironmental Exposure
dc.subject.meshGlobal Burden of Disease
dc.subject.meshGlobal Health
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshNoncommunicable Diseases
dc.subject.meshParticulate Matter
dc.subject.meshProportional Hazards Models
dc.subject.meshRisk Assessment
dc.subject.meshTime Factors
dc.titleGlobal estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.identifier.journalProc Natl Acad Sci USA 2018; 115(38):9592-7en
html.description.abstractExposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM2.5 sources (outdoor and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuels and secondhand and active smoking), requiring assumptions about equivalent exposure and toxicity. We relax these contentious assumptions by constructing a PM2.5-mortality hazard ratio function based only on cohort studies of outdoor air pollution that covers the global exposure range. We modeled the shape of the association between PM2.5 and nonaccidental mortality using data from 41 cohorts from 16 countries-the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). We then constructed GEMMs for five specific causes of death examined by the global burden of disease (GBD). The GEMM predicts 8.9 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5-10.3] deaths in 2015, a figure 30% larger than that predicted by the sum of deaths among the five specific causes (6.9; 95% CI: 4.9-8.5) and 120% larger than the risk function used in the GBD (4.0; 95% CI: 3.3-4.8). Differences between the GEMM and GBD risk functions are larger for a 20% reduction in concentrations, with the GEMM predicting 220% higher excess deaths. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure may be related to additional causes of death than the five considered by the GBD and that incorporation of risk information from other, nonoutdoor, particle sources leads to underestimation of disease burden, especially at higher concentrations.


This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record