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Rotavirus in the Netherlands : Background information for the Health Council(Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM, 2017-04-06)Het rotavirus kan een maagdarminfectie veroorzaken die veel voorkomt bij jonge kinderen en soms ernstig kan verlopen. Er zijn twee vaccins beschikbaar die beide in druppelvorm via de mond worden toegediend. De Gezondheidsraad gaat de minister van VWS adviseren op welke manier vaccinatie van kinderen tegen het rotavirus oegankelijk wordt. De minister neemt op basis van dit advies een besluit. Om de Gezondheidsraad te ondersteunen heeft het RIVM achtergrondinformatie over het rotavirus bijeengebracht. De informatie betreft onder andere het aantal personen dat er jaarlijks in Nederland ziek door wordt, de effectiviteit en veiligheid van de vaccins, en hoe het publiek denkt over deze vaccinatie. Een door het rotavirus veroorzaakte maagdarminfectie komt veel in de wintermaanden voor, vooral bij kinderen tussen de 6 maanden en 2 jaar. De ziekte gaat gepaard met koorts, braken en hevige, waterdunne diarree. Doorgaans verloopt de ziekte zonder problemen, maar het komt voor dat de ziekte ernstig verloopt. Dit gebeurt vaker bij jonge kinderen, te vroeg geboren kinderen, kinderen met een laag geboortegewicht, of kinderen met aangeboren afwijkingen. De ziekte kan dan uitdrogingsgevaar veroorzaken. In deze gevallen moet een kind in het ziekenhuis worden opgenomen. De uitdroging wordt dan behandeld door via de mond of een infuus vocht toe te dienen. In zeldzame gevallen overlijdt een kind.
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The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands : Surveillance and developments in 2015-2016(Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM, 2016-11-16)In 2015, nearly 770,000 children aged 0 to 19 years received a total of 1,547,000 vaccinations within the National Immunisation Programme (NIP). Participation in the NIP, which was between 92% and 99% (depending on the vaccination), was still high. An exception was vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), which was 61%. The participation of newborns dropped by about 0.5% for the second consecutive year. Notifications of NIP target diseases The number of reported cases of most NIP target diseases was again low. This was also true for the number of reported measles cases (7) after the great epidemic in 2013/2014. Pertussis was less frequently reported in 2015 (39 per 100,000) than in the epidemic year 2014 (55 per 100,000). One infant death due to pertussis was reported. The incidence of cases of invasive pneumococcal disease - caused by the three additional types which were included in the pneumococcal vaccine in 2011 - was very low in children under 5 years (0.5 per 100,000), and a decrease was seen in other age groups due to herd protection. In 2015 and the first half of 2016, mumps was more common than in 2014 (n=89, n=45 and n=40, respectively). Notifications of adverse events following immunisation In 2015, an increased number of reports of possible side effects of vaccines was reported (1,494 versus 982 in 2014). These were mainly reports of (pronounced) local inflammation and fever in 4-year-olds. The number of reports of fatigue in 12-year-old girls increased after media attention on possible side effects of the HPV vaccination. The severity of the reported adverse events was comparable with previous years. Notifications of potential NIP target diseases In 2015 and 2016, the number of invasive meningococcal serogroup W (MenW) cases increased; these were mostly in people aged 65 years or older. After the extremely low number of cases in 2014, 2015 had an average rotavirus season with the peak in March. Until June 2016, the number of cases of rotavirus was also low, with a later start of the season than usual.
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The National Immunisation Programme in the Netherlands : Developments in 2013(Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM, 2014-02-04)2012, a large pertussis outbreak occurred in the Netherlands. The highest incidences were among infants aged 0-2 months, children of eight years and older, adolescents and adults. The number of pertussis notifications in the first six months of 2013 was found to be low. The mumps outbreak that started among students in late 2009 diminished in 2013, but there are still indications of endemic transmission. In addition, an outbreak of measles started in May 2013 among the Reformed Orthodox population, who have low vaccine coverage. The outbreak is expected to continue with a final size that may exceed that of the 1999/2000 outbreak. This information is included in this annual report of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) which gives an overview of how often diseases included in the National Immunisation Programme (NIP) occur and presents developments in the NIP. The report also indicates which vaccines are used and which adverse events were reported after vaccination. Developments with regard to potential target diseases for vaccines are also included. The participation level in the NIP has been high for many years, resulting in low incidences of most target diseases. The programme is also safe with relatively few side effects reported, and these are usually mild and transient. For an optimal programme, continuous monitoring of effectiveness and safety remains necessary. Other developments During the first weeks of the measles epidemic in June 2013, a small and restricted rubella outbreak was identified at an Orthodox school. This was the largest rubella outbreak since 2004/2005. In Syria and Israel, respectively, cases of poliovirus and the transmission of poliovirus were identified in 2013. In 2012 and 2013 (at 1 November), no cases of poliomyelitis were reported in the Netherlands. In June 2013, a meningococcal C outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) was reported in Europe. No meningococcal serotype C cases among men that may belong to this risk group were reported in the Netherlands. Effect of pneumococcal vaccine Research showed that the protection of the pneumococcal vaccine is similar in a schedule with a reduced number of doses compared to the current schedule. Therefore, the Dutch Health Council advised on 27 November 2013 in favour of a schedule with a reduced number of doses.
