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    Chemische samenstelling van vijftig stookoliemonsters 2017-2018

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    Authors
    Broekman, MH
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM briefrapport 2018-0097
    Type
    Report
    Language
    nl
    
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    Title
    Chemische samenstelling van vijftig stookoliemonsters 2017-2018
    Translated Title
    Chemical composition of fifty fuel oil samples 2017-2018
    Publiekssamenvatting
    In 2017 en 2018 zijn in opdracht van de Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport (ILT) brandstofmonsters van 50 zeeschepen in de Rotterdamse haven onderzocht. Het ging om schepen die van buiten Europa kwamen. De ILT wil duidelijkheid over de chemische samenstelling van stookolie om te kunnen beoordelen of de uitstoot van zeeschepen een risico vormt voor het milieu. Nadat laboratoria de chemische samenstelling hebben bepaald, heeft het RIVM deze meetresultaten geanalyseerd en geïnterpreteerd. De chemische samenstelling van de stookolie laat voor een aantal stoffen een normaal beeld zien. Zo voldoet de concentratie zwavel in alle monsters aan de norm. Wel blijkt de stookolie schadelijke stoffen te bevatten en stoffen die als zeer zorgwekkende stoffen (ZZS) zijn aangemerkt. In Europa is afgesproken om deze stoffen geleidelijk aan niet meer te gebruiken. De aangetroffen zeer zorgwekkende stoffen zijn onder andere lood(verbindingen), trichlooretheen en cyclododecatrieen en mogen niet in stookolie zitten. De schadelijke polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstoffen (PAK's), zoals naftaleen en benzo(a)pyreen, zitten in stookolie omdat ze van nature in ruwe aardolie voorkomen. Deze stoffen zijn echter in zeer hoge gehalten in de stookolie van enkele zeeschepen aangetroffen, waardoor de samenstelling van deze olie anders is dan verwacht. De samenstelling van stookolie kan doorgaans sterk variëren, wat vooral door het productieproces komt. Ruwe aardolie wordt in een raffinaderij verhit en afgekoeld om verschillende soorten aardolieproducten te maken. Aan de restantolie die na dit proces 'overblijft', worden organische vloeistoffen toegevoegd om deze ook als stookolie te kunnen gebruiken. Hoewel dit bijmengen nodig is, is het vaak niet duidelijk welke stoffen hiervoor worden gebruikt en of ze daarvoor zijn toegestaan. De gemeten afwijkingen in de brandstofmonsters kunnen er op duiden dat de olie met ongewenste vloeistoffen is bijgemengd.
    On instructions from the Human Environment and Transport Inspectorate (ILT), fuel samples from 50 marine vessels in the port of Rotterdam were examined in 2017 and 2018. These were ships that came from outside Europe. The ILT wants clarity about the chemical composition of fuel oil so that it can assess whether the emissions from ocean-going ships present an environmental risk. After laboratories had determined the chemical composition, the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) analysed and interpreted the results. The chemical composition of the fuel oil appeared to be normal for a number of substances. The levels of sulphur in all samples met the norm, for instance. The fuel oil did however transpire to contain harmful substances and substances that are classified as substances of very high concern (SVHC). There is an agreement in Europe that these substances should gradually be phased out. The substances of very high concern found include lead compounds, trichloroethene and cyclododecatriene, which should not be present in fuel oil. Fuel oil contains harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene because these substances are naturally present in crude oil. These substances were however found at very high levels in the fuel oil of a number of ocean-going vessels, so that the composition of that oil was different than expected. The composition of fuel oil can often vary widely, largely as a result of the production process. Crude oil is heated in a refinery and then cooled down to make various petroleum products. Organic liquids are then added to the residual oil that remains after this process so that it can also be used as fuel oil. Although this blending is necessary, it is often unclear what substances are used for the purpose and whether they are permitted. The abnormalities determined in the fuel samples could indicate that undesirable liquids have been mixed in with the oil.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Inspectie Leefomgeving en Transport (ILT)
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/623242
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    RIVM official reports

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