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    Annual report Surveillance of COVID-19, influenza and other respiratory infections in the Netherlands: winter 2020/2021

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    Authors
    Reukers, DFM
    van Asten, L
    Brandsema, PS
    Dijkstra, F
    Hendriksen, JMT
    Hooiveld, M
    de Lange, MMA
    Lanooij, SJ
    Niessen, FA
    Teirlinck, AC
    Verstraten, C
    Meijer, A
    van Gageldonk-Lafeber, AB
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    Series/Report no.
    RIVM rapport 2021-0133
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
    Metadata
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    Title
    Annual report Surveillance of COVID-19, influenza and other respiratory infections in the Netherlands: winter 2020/2021
    Translated Title
    Surveillance van COVID-19, griep en andere luchtweginfecties: winter 2020/2021
    Publiekssamenvatting
    Het RIVM brengt elk jaar in kaart hoeveel mensen in Nederland griep en andere luchtweginfecties hebben. Dit keer staat het overzicht in het teken van de uitbraak van het coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Dit virus overheerste in 2020 en 2021. In combinatie met de maatregelen om de verspreiding van het virus tegen te gaan, hadden hierdoor veel minder mensen andere luchtweginfecties. COVID-19 Tijdens de zomer van 2020, van mei tot en met september, hadden heel weinig mensen COVID-19, de ziekte die het coronavirus veroorzaakt. Na de zomer begon de tweede golf, die twee pieken had: in oktober en eind december. Deze golf begon onder de jongere leeftijdsgroepen (10 tot 29 jaar). Daarna kregen steeds meer mensen tussen 40 en 50 jaar COVID-19, gevolgd door mensen van 70 jaar of ouder. De derde golf begon in februari 2021. Het aantal besmettingen nam toen vooral toe door de opkomst van de Alfavariant (de Britse variant). Deze variant was tussen begin februari en eind mei 2021 de meest gemelde variant van het coronavirus. Tussen 18 mei 2020 en 23 mei 2021 zijn 1.584.237 mensen positief getest op corona. Van hen zijn 53.175 mensen opgenomen in het ziekenhuis, en 9.649 op de intensive care. Van 11.640 mensen is bekend dat ze zijn overleden. Tijdens de tweede en derde golf stierven er 14.739 mensen meer dan de afgelopen 5 jaren in dezelfde periode. Deze ‘oversterfte’ hangt naar verwachting samen met de uitbraak van dit virus. Griepepidemie Tijdens het griepseizoen zijn er nauwelijks mensen geregistreerd met de griep (2). Er was daarom deze winter geen griepepidemie. Dit komt waarschijnlijk door de coronamaatregelen, die ook helpen om de verspreiding van andere virussen te voorkomen, zoals de griep. Meldingsplichtige luchtweginfecties Sommige luchtweginfecties moeten bij de GGD worden gemeld. De GGD kan besmettingen dan intensief volgen en zo nodig snel actie nemen om te voorkomen dat ze zich verder verspreiden. Het aantal meldingen van psittacose (papegaaienziekte) is in 2020 licht gestegen naar 94, het hoogste aantal sinds 2010. Het aantal meldingen in 2020 van legionella (461), tuberculose (623) en Q-koorts (7) nam juist sterk af. Legionella kwam waarschijnlijk minder vaak voor, omdat er minder internationale reizen zijn gemaakt in 2020. Q-koorts, psittacose en legionella uiten zich meestal in de vorm van longontstekingen, maar de oorzaak daarvan wordt vaak niet onderzocht. De werkelijke aantallen liggen daardoor hoger dan de gemelde aantallen.
    Each year, RIVM presents an overview of how many persons in the Netherlands got influenza and other respiratory infections. This year, the overview is dominated by the outbreak of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The coronavirus dominated events in 2020 and 2021. As a result, in combination with the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus, the number of persons who got other respiratory infections greatly decreased. COVID-19 During the summer of 2020, from May through September, very few people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. After the summer, the second period of infections began, which was characterised by two peaks: in October and at the end of December. This period started among the younger age groups (10 to 29 years old). Subsequently, increasing numbers of persons between the ages of 40 and 50 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, followed by persons 70 years or older. The third period began in February 2021. At that time, the number of infections increased primarily due to the rise of the alpha variant, also known as the British variant. Between the beginning of February and the end of May 2021, this variant was the most frequently reported variant of the coronavirus. Between 18 May 2020 and 23 May 2021, 1,584,237 persons tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 53,175 were admitted to the hospital and 9,649 were admitted to intensive care. 11,640 persons are known to have died as a result of COVID-19. During the second and third period, 14,739 more persons died in comparison to the average number of deaths during the same period over the last five years. This “excess mortality” is most probably related to the outbreak of the coronavirus. Flu epidemic During the flu season, hardly any persons were registered with influenza virus (2). There was therefore no flu epidemic this winter. This was probably due to the corona measures, which also help to prevent the spread of other viruses such as the influenza virus. Notifiable respiratory infections Some respiratory infections have to be reported to the Municipal Public Health Services. The Municipal Public Health Services can then intensively monitor infections and, if necessary, quickly take action to prevent their further spread. The number of reported cases of psittacosis (parrot fever) increased slightly in 2020 to 94, the highest number reported since 2010. In contrast, the numbers of reported cases of legionella (461), tuberculosis (623), and Q fever (7) have decreased in 2020. The decrease in number of legionella cases was probably due to reduced international travel in 2020. Q fever, psittacosis and legionella generally manifest themselves in the form of pneumonia. Persons with pneumonia are often not tested, so the causative pathogen remains unknown. The actual numbers are therefore higher than the reported numbers.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    Ministerie van VWS
    DOI
    10.21945/RIVM-2021-0133
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/625260
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.21945/RIVM-2021-0133
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