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dc.contributor.authorWitteveen, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorHendrickx, Antoni P A
dc.contributor.authorde Haan, Angela
dc.contributor.authorNotermans, Daan W
dc.contributor.authorLandman, Fabian
dc.contributor.authorvan Santen-Verheuvel, Marga G
dc.contributor.authorde Greeff, Sabine C
dc.contributor.authorKuijper, Ed J
dc.contributor.authorvan Maarseveen, Noortje M
dc.contributor.authorVainio, Saara
dc.contributor.authorSchouls, Leo M
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-30T12:04:14Z
dc.date.available2022-08-30T12:04:14Z
dc.date.issued2022-08-25
dc.identifier.pmid36005448
dc.identifier.doi10.1128/spectrum.01035-22
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10029/626053
dc.description.abstractStaphylococcus argenteus is a recently described member of the Staphylococcus aureus complex (SAC) and is associated with human disease. The frequency and intensity of infections caused by S. argenteus are similar to those of Staphylococcus aureus. S. argenteus can harbor antibiotic resistance genes and a variety of virulence factors analogous to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The aim of our study was to analyze a collection of isolates in the Dutch national MRSA surveillance from January 2008 until March 2021 that were nontypeable by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) was used for identifying the S. argenteus isolates, and whole-genome sequencing and SeqSphere were used to generate an in-house whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) scheme for typing the isolates. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, replicons, and virulence genes was determined. Of 52,467 isolates submitted as MRSA from January 2008 until March 2021, 64 isolates (0.12%) were nontypeable with MLVA, and 54 of them were identified with mass spectrometry (MALDI-ToF MS) as S. argenteus. It appeared in retrospect that the first methicillin-resistant S. argenteus (MRSArg) was already submitted in 2008. An in-house-developed S. argenteus wgMLST scheme revealed that S. argenteus isolates clustered in 5 genomic groups which were characterized by distinct MLST types, resistomes, plasmid replicon families, and virulence factors. All but one isolate carried the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type IV harboring the methicillin resistance gene mecA and represent MRSArg. Most of the isolates with SCCmec subtype IVc(2B) had a trimethoprim resistance gene, dfrG, and harbored a blaZ-carrying plasmid, and most MRSArg isolates have the immune-modulating genes scn and sak. Nine of the 47 isolates carried enterotoxin-encoding genes seg, sei, sem, seo, and seu, which might be able to cause food poisoning. In some persons there was long-term persistence of MRSArg, and there were several genetically related MRSArg isolates in people living in close proximity, suggesting direct human-human transmission. IMPORTANCE We show that MRSArg has been circulating in the Netherlands since at least 2008. Although MRSArg is distinct from MRSA, it has a comparable population structure and carries similar resistance and virulence genes. The Dutch national MRSA surveillance has been expanded to include other methicillin-resistant members of the S. aureus complex, such as S. argenteus and Staphylococcus schweitzeri.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectMRSArgen_US
dc.subjectSCCmec subtype IVc(2B)en_US
dc.subjectSCCmec type IVen_US
dc.subjectStaphylococcus argenteusen_US
dc.subjectenterotoxinsen_US
dc.subjectresistance genesen_US
dc.subjectvirulence factorsen_US
dc.titleGenetic Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus argenteus Isolates Collected in the Dutch National MRSA Surveillance from 2008 to 2021.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.eissn2165-0497
dc.identifier.journalMicrobiology spectrum 2022;e0103522en_US
dc.source.journaltitleMicrobiology spectrum
dc.source.beginpagee0103522
dc.source.endpage
dc.source.countryUnited States


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