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    Bottom up approaches to defining future climate mitigation commitments

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    Authors
    Elzen MGJ den
    Berk MM
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM Rapport 728001029
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Bottom up approaches to defining future climate mitigation commitments
    Translated Title
    Bottom-up benaderingen voor differentiatie van mitigatie verplichtingen
    Publiekssamenvatting
    This report analyses a number of alternative, bottom-up approaches, i.e. technology and performance standards; technology Research and Development agreements, sectoral targets (national /transnational), sector based CDM, and sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs). Included are technology and performance standards; technology, research and development agreements, sectoral targets (national /transnational), and sector-based (CDM), and sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs). A more bottom-up approach for defining national emission targets, the so-called Triptych approach is also explored and compared with more top-down types of approaches (Multi-Stage and Contraction & Convergence) based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis. While bottom-up approaches are concluded as being valuable components of a future climate regime, they, in themselves,do not seem to offer a real alternative to emission reduction and limitation targets, as they provide little certainty about the overall environmental effectiveness of climate policies. In comparison with Multi-stage and the C&C approaches, the global Triptych approach offers the opportunity of early particiaption by developing countries' without the risk of creating large amounts of surplus emissions as in C&C; in using the approach we also avoid the need for dividing up the non-Annex I countries as in Multi-Stage. However, there will be substantial implementation problems related to the institutional and technical capabilities required. Thus it would seem better to exclude the least developing countries and have them first participate in some of the alternative bottom-up approaches.
    Dit rapport beschrijft de resultaten van een aantal in de literatuur geopperde alternatieve, bottom-up benaderingen om verplichtingen vorm te geven,i.e. technologie en performance standaards, technologie onderzoek en ontwikkelingsafspraken, sectorale verplichtingen, S-CDM (Sectoraal CDM) en SD-PAMs (Sustainable Development Policies & Measures), en analyseert de sterke en zwakke punten van de benaderingen. Daarnaast analyseert dit rapport in meer detail een bottom-up benadering voor de definitie van nationale emissie doelstellingen, de zogenaamde mondiale Triptych approach, en vergelijkt deze benadering met meer top-down benaderingen (Multi-stage (MS) en Contraction and Convergence(C&C)) op basis van een kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve analyse. Dit leidt tot de conclusie dat bottom-up benaderingen waardevolle componenten kunnen zijn van een toekomstig klimaatregime, maar dat ze geen volledig of volwaardig alternatief kunnen vormen voor kwantitatieve verplichtingen (emissieplafonds), daar ze minder zekerheid geven over de milieueffectiviteit van klimaatbeleid. In vergelijking met Multi-stage en de C&C top-down benaderingen biedt de mondiale Triptych benadering de mogelijkheid van vroege deelname van de ontwikkelingslanden zonder het risico van "hot air", zoals onder C&C, en vermijdt de noodzaak om de niet-Annex I op te splitsen zoals bij Multi-Stage. Echter, door de complexiteit en data-intensiviteit van de Triptych benadering zijn er substantikle implementatieproblemen te verwachten in de minst ontwikkelde ontwikkelingslanden als het gevolg van hun gebrekkige institutionele en technische capaciteiten. Het lijkt beter om deze landen in eerste instantie uit te sluiten, en hun te enthousiasmeren voor het op zich nemen van niet-bindende kwantitatieve verplichtingen.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/9097
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