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    Maximum Permissible Concentrations and Negligible Concentrations for Rare Earth Elements (REEs)

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    Authors
    Sneller FEC
    Kalf DF
    Weltje L
    Wezel AP van
    Series/Report no.
    RIVM Rapport 601501011
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    Maximum Permissible Concentrations and Negligible Concentrations for Rare Earth Elements (REEs)
    Translated Title
    Maximaal toelaatbare risiconiveaus en verwaarloosbare risiconiveaus voor zeldzame aardmetalen (ZAMs)
    Publiekssamenvatting
    In this report maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) and negligible concentrations (NCs) are derived for Rare Earth Elements (REEs), which are also known as lanthanides. The REEs selected for derivation of environmental risk limits in this report are Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Gadolinium (Gd), and Dysprosium (Dy). Since REEs are natural compounds, the added risk approach is used to derive MPC values. The total amount of toxicity studies for freshwater and saltwater organisms to base the MPA upon is limited, often an assessment factor of 1000 had to be used. For fresh surface water, the derived MPCs range from 1.8 ug/L for Nd to 22.1 ug/L for Ce. For salt surface water the derived MPCs are much lower, from 0.28 ug/L for Ce to 3.8 ug/L for Dy. MPC values for fresh water sediments are also higher than those for salt water sediments. Dutch water and sediment concentrations do not exceed the MPCs of the different REEs. Occasionally, environmental concentrations of REEs exceed the NC-levels.
    In dit rapport worden maximaal toelaatbare risiconiveaus (MTR) en verwaarloosbare risiconiveaus (VR) afgeleid voor zeldzame aardmetalen (ZAM). De geselecteerde ZAMs zijn Yttrium (Y), Lanthanum (La), Cerium (Ce), Praseodymium (Pr), Neodymium (Nd), Samarium (Sm), Gadolinium (Gd), en Dysprosium (Dy). Omdat ZAMs van nature voorkomen, is de toegevoegd-risico benadering gebruikt om MTRs af te leiden. Het aantal beschikbare toxiciteitstudies om een MTR op te baseren is beperkt, vaak is daarom een factor 1000 gebruikt om tot een normwaarde te komen. Voor zoet oppervlaktewater ligt de MTR tussen 1,8 ug/l voor Nd en 22,1 ug/l voor Ce. Voor zout oppervlaktewater zijn de afgeleide MTRs veel lager, varierend van 0,28 ug/l voor Ce tot 3,8 ug/l voor Dy. MTRs voor zoete sedimenten liggen eveneens hoger dan voor zoute sedimenten. Nederlandse water- en sedimentconcentraties overschrijden niet de MTRs voor de verschillende ZAMs. Af en toe overschrijden de milieuconcentraties het VR.
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/9551
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