Skuland, TonjeGrytting, Vegard SæterLåg, MaritJørgensen, Rikke BræmmingSnilsberg, BrynhildLeseman, Daan L A CKubátová, AlenaEmond, JessicaCassee, Flemming RHolme, Jørn AØvrevik, JohanRefsnes, Magne2022-07-312022-07-312022-07-043578728610.1186/s12989-022-00488-5http://hdl.handle.net/10029/625928The pro-inflammatory potency of the PM samples varied between road tunnels and size fractions, but showed more marked responses than for the stone materials used in asphalt of the respective tunnels. In particular, fine samples showed significant increases as low as 25 µg/mL (2.6 µg/cm2) and were more potent than coarse samples, while ultrafine samples showed more variable responses between tunnels, sampling conditions and endpoints. The most marked responses were observed for fine PM sampled during humid road surface conditions. Linear correlation analysis showed that particle-induced cytokine responses were correlated to OC levels, while no correlations were observed for other PM characteristics.en© 2022. The Author(s).CytokinesEpithelial lung cellsMineral particlesOrganic carbonOxidative potentialStone particlesUrban air particulate matterArticle1743-8977Part Fibre Toxicol 2022;19(1):45