Gouma, SigridDurand, Marlene Lvan Binnendijk, Rob S2025-02-072025-02-072024-11-26978-3-031-68448-7978-3-031-68451-7978-3-031-68449-410.1007/978-3-031-68449-4_26https://rivm.openrepository.com/handle/10029/628271Mumps is the most common cause of epidemic parotitis. Although vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence and morbidity of mumps, outbreaks have occurred frequently among vaccinated populations over the past two decades. Unlike outbreaks in the prevaccine era, which primarily affected children, recent outbreaks have predominantly affected young adults. The diagnosis of mumps relies on clinical features and laboratory findings, and is usually not difficult in unvaccinated patients. However, laboratory diagnosis in vaccinated patients is challenging due to the limited value of serologic studies and the brief window of time during which the virus can be detected in oral specimens. This chapter reviews the clinical and laboratory features of mumps as well as other viral etiologies of parotitis, including influenza virus, adenovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, parainfluenza virus, and enterovirus.enBook chapterIn: ML Durand, DG Deschler (eds.). Infections of the ears, nose, throat, and sinuses. Springer Nature, 2024; 359-370