Hvidtfeldt, Ulla ArthurSeveri, GianlucaAndersen, Zorana JovanovicAtkinson, RichardBauwelinck, MariskaBellander, TomBoutron-Ruault, Marie-ChristineBrandt, JørgenBrunekreef, BertCesaroni, GiuliaChen, JieConcin, HansForastiere, Francescovan Gils, Carla HGulliver, JohnHertel, OleHoek, GerardHoffmann, Barbarade Hoogh, KeesJanssen, NicoleJöckel, Karl-HeinzJørgensen, Jeanette ThermingKatsouyanni, KleaKetzel, MatthiasKlompmaker, Jochem OKrog, Norun HjertagerLang, AloisLeander, KarinLiu, ShuoLjungman, Petter L SMagnusson, Patrik K EMehta, Amar JayantNagel, GabrieleOftedal, BentePershagen, GöranPeter, Raphael SimonPeters, AnnetteRenzi, MatteoRizzuto, DeboraRodopoulou, SophiaSamoli, EvangeliaSchwarze, Per EverhardSigsgaard, TorbenSimonsen, Mette KildevældStafoggia, MassimoStrak, MaciekVienneau, DanielleWeinmayr, GudrunWolf, KathrinRaaschou-Nielsen, OleFecht, Daniela2020-12-132020-12-132020-11-133319778710.1016/j.envint.2020.106249http://hdl.handle.net/10029/624550The "Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe" (ELAPSE) collaboration pools seven cohorts from across Europe. We developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) to assign exposure to cohort participants' residential addresses in 100 m by 100 m grids. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). We fitted linear models, linear models in subsets, Shape-Constrained Health Impact Functions (SCHIF), and natural cubic spline models to assess the shape of the association between air pollution and lung cancer at concentrations below existing standards and guidelines.enCopyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.Air pollutionDose response relationshipLung cancer incidenceParticulate matterArticle1873-6750Environ Int 2021; 146:106249