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dc.contributor.authorRobb, Katharine
dc.contributor.authorNull, Clair
dc.contributor.authorTeunis, Peter
dc.contributor.authorYakubu, Habib
dc.contributor.authorArmah, George
dc.contributor.authorMoe, Christine L
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-04T13:03:10Z
dc.date.available2018-01-04T13:03:10Z
dc.date.issued2017-10
dc.identifier.citationAssessment of Fecal Exposure Pathways in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana: Rationale, Design, Methods, and Key Findings of the SaniPath Study. 2017, 97 (4):1020-1032 Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.en
dc.identifier.issn1476-1645
dc.identifier.pmid28722599
dc.identifier.doi10.4269/ajtmh.16-0508
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10029/621024
dc.description.abstractRapid urbanization has contributed to an urban sanitation crisis in low-income countries. Residents in low-income, urban neighborhoods often have poor sanitation infrastructure and services and may experience frequent exposure to fecal contamination through a range of pathways. There are little data to prioritize strategies to decrease exposure to fecal contamination in these complex and highly contaminated environments, and public health priorities are rarely considered when planning urban sanitation investments. The SaniPath Study addresses this need by characterizing pathways of exposure to fecal contamination. Over a 16 month period, an in-depth, interdisciplinary exposure assessment was conducted in both public and private domains of four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Microbiological analyses of environmental samples and behavioral data collection techniques were used to quantify fecal contamination in the environment and characterize the behaviors of adults and children associated with exposure to fecal contamination. Environmental samples (n = 1,855) were collected and analyzed for fecal indicators and enteric pathogens. A household survey with 800 respondents and over 500 hours of structured observation of young children were conducted. Approximately 25% of environmental samples were collected in conjunction with structured observations (n = 441 samples). The results of the study highlight widespread and often high levels of fecal contamination in both public and private domains and the food supply. The dominant fecal exposure pathway for young children in the household was through consumption of uncooked produce. The SaniPath Study provides critical information on exposure to fecal contamination in low-income, urban environments and ultimately can inform investments and policies to reduce these public health risks.
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsArchived with thanks to The American journal of tropical medicine and hygieneen
dc.subject.meshBayes Theorem
dc.subject.meshEnvironmental Exposure
dc.subject.meshEnvironmental Monitoring
dc.subject.meshFeces
dc.subject.meshFemale
dc.subject.meshFood Contamination
dc.subject.meshGhana
dc.subject.meshHumans
dc.subject.meshMale
dc.subject.meshPoverty
dc.subject.meshResidence Characteristics
dc.subject.meshSocioeconomic Factors
dc.subject.meshUrban Population
dc.subject.meshUrbanization
dc.titleAssessment of Fecal Exposure Pathways in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana: Rationale, Design, Methods, and Key Findings of the SaniPath Study.en
dc.typeArticleen
dc.identifier.journalAm J Trop Med Hyg 2017, 97)4):1020-32en
refterms.dateFOA2018-12-18T13:57:09Z
html.description.abstractRapid urbanization has contributed to an urban sanitation crisis in low-income countries. Residents in low-income, urban neighborhoods often have poor sanitation infrastructure and services and may experience frequent exposure to fecal contamination through a range of pathways. There are little data to prioritize strategies to decrease exposure to fecal contamination in these complex and highly contaminated environments, and public health priorities are rarely considered when planning urban sanitation investments. The SaniPath Study addresses this need by characterizing pathways of exposure to fecal contamination. Over a 16 month period, an in-depth, interdisciplinary exposure assessment was conducted in both public and private domains of four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana. Microbiological analyses of environmental samples and behavioral data collection techniques were used to quantify fecal contamination in the environment and characterize the behaviors of adults and children associated with exposure to fecal contamination. Environmental samples (n = 1,855) were collected and analyzed for fecal indicators and enteric pathogens. A household survey with 800 respondents and over 500 hours of structured observation of young children were conducted. Approximately 25% of environmental samples were collected in conjunction with structured observations (n = 441 samples). The results of the study highlight widespread and often high levels of fecal contamination in both public and private domains and the food supply. The dominant fecal exposure pathway for young children in the household was through consumption of uncooked produce. The SaniPath Study provides critical information on exposure to fecal contamination in low-income, urban environments and ultimately can inform investments and policies to reduce these public health risks.


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