The Effects of Filter Ventilation and Expanded Tobacco on the Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Yields from Cigarettes Sold in Australia

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dc.contributor.authorWinnall, Wendy R
dc.contributor.authorHaynes, Ashleigh
dc.contributor.authorKlerx, Walther
dc.contributor.authorBakker-'t Hart, Ingrid ME
dc.contributor.authorVersluis, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorLeijten, Niels M
dc.contributor.authorBrennan, Emily
dc.contributor.authorTalhout, Reinskje
dc.contributor.authorWakefield, Melanie A
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-07T15:46:48Z
dc.date.available2025-02-07T15:46:48Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-31
dc.description.abstractCigarette brand variant names and characteristics such as the taste and feel of the smoke can mislead consumers into believing some products are less harmful. We assessed the characteristics of three common cigarette variants sold in Australia, "gold", "blue" and "red", to determine which characteristics differed by color, and which affected tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide (TNCO) yields. TNCO yields, physical parameters, expanded tobacco and filter ventilation were measured in cigarette color variants from eight brands. Filter ventilation and expanded tobacco were common across brands and variants. Compared to blue and red variants, gold variants had slightly shorter tobacco rods and greater filter ventilation. Gold variants had lower TNCO when measured using the industry-favored International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocol. ISO-measured TNCO yields were associated with filter ventilation and tobacco rod length, but not use of expanded tobacco. When measured using the Health Canada Intensive (HCI) protocol, which better emulates human smoking behavior, TNCO emissions were markedly higher, and the emission differences by extent of filter ventilation were minimized, indicating that ISO measurements are misleading. These findings confirm that cigarette color names, and the filter ventilation levels they signify, remain misleading more than a decade after plain packaging eliminated pack colors in Australia, as higher levels of filter ventilation are not associated with reduced TNCO emissions measured using the HCI protocol. Consumer education and communication campaigns could amplify the impacts of Australia's newly passed tobacco legislation banning color and other variant names that imply reduced harm.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph22010050
dc.identifier.journalInt J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 22(1):50
dc.identifier.piiijerph22010050
dc.identifier.pmid39857503
dc.identifier.urihttps://rivm.openrepository.com/handle/10029/628266
dc.language.isoen
dc.source.countrySwitzerland
dc.source.issue1
dc.source.journaltitleInternational journal of environmental research and public health
dc.source.volume22
dc.subjectHealth Canada Intensive
dc.subjectbrand variant
dc.subjectcarbon monoxide
dc.subjectcigarette
dc.subjectexpanded tobacco
dc.subjectfilter ventilation
dc.subjectmisperceptions
dc.subjectnicotine
dc.subjecttar
dc.subjecttobacco
dc.titleThe Effects of Filter Ventilation and Expanded Tobacco on the Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Yields from Cigarettes Sold in Australia
dc.typeJournal Article
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
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