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Het volksgezondheidsrisico van directe dier-mens overdracht van pathogene bacterien: epidemiologie en blootstelling
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Series / Report no.
RIVM rapport 330080002
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2007-01-25
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Het volksgezondheidsrisico van directe dier-mens
overdracht van pathogene bacterien: epidemiologie en
blootstelling
Translated Title
The public health risk of direct animal-human
transfer of pathogenic bacteria: epidemiology and
exposure
Published in
Abstract
Het is veelal niet mogelijk om betrouwbare uitspraken
te doen over het risico voor de volksgezondheid van direct contact tussen
dier en mens. Gegeven deze onzekerheid zijn er meerdere aanwijzingen dat
overdracht van Campylobacter door honden van belang is. Het is belangrijk
om de kans op ziekte via voedsel-, water- en direct contact-routes tegen
elkaar af te wegen, zodat de overheid voor de meest effectieve maatregelen
kan kiezen.
De pathogenen Campylobacter, Salmonella en Shiga toxine-producerende
Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) en de transmissieroutes hond, kat en
kinderboerderij werden onderzocht met de methoden van epidemiologische
analyse en blootstellingsschatting. Epidemiologisch literatuuronderzoek
toont aan dat overdracht van STEC O157 op kinderboerderijen plaatsvindt,
maar de omvang is onbekend. Campylobacter-infecties worden in veel
onderzoeken in verband gebracht met honden en veel minder vaak met katten.
Toch blijkt 3-6 % van de humane gevallen toe te schrijven aan contact met
honden en 4-7 % aan contact met katten. Voor de overige pathogeen-route
combinaties is overdracht onvoldoende bewezen of niet beschreven.
Anderzijds blijkt volgens de methode van blootstellingsschattingen dat de
gemiddelde blootstelling voor Nederlanders duidelijk het hoogste is voor de
pathogeen-transmissieroute combinatie Campylobacter - hond. De
blootstelling aan STEC O157 via de drie routes en aan Salmonella via honden
en de kinderboerderij is relatief laag. De overige pathogeen-route
combinaties vertonen een intermediaire blootstelling. Er is een aanvang
gemaakt om de aansluiting tussen beide methoden te verbeteren, gericht op
het omrekenen van blootstellingsschattingen in epidemiologische
associatiematen.
It is usually not possible to make reliable statements on the risk for public health of direct contact between animals and humans. Given this uncertainty, there are several indications that transfer of Campylobacter by dogs is important. It is important to weigh the probability of disease via food, water and direct contact routes, so that the government can choose the most effective measures. The pathogens Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) and the transmission routes dog, cat and petting zoo were investigated using the methods of epidemiological analysis and exposure estimation. Epidemiological literature research shows that transfer of STEC O157 at petting zoos does occur, but the extent is unknown. Campylobacter infections are in many investigations associated with dogs and much less often with cats. Still, 3-6 % of human cases can be ascribed to contact with dogs and 4-7 % can be ascribed to contact with cats. For the other pathogen-route combinations transfer is insufficiently proven or not described. On the other hand, according to the method of exposure estimation, the mean exposure for the Dutch population is clearly highest for the pathogen - transmission route combination Campylobacter-dog. The exposure to STEC O157 via the three routes and to Salmonella via dogs and petting zoos is relatively small. The other pathogen-route combinations show an intermediate exposure. Work was commenced to improve the connection between both methods, aimed at converting exposure estimates to epidemiological measures of association.
It is usually not possible to make reliable statements on the risk for public health of direct contact between animals and humans. Given this uncertainty, there are several indications that transfer of Campylobacter by dogs is important. It is important to weigh the probability of disease via food, water and direct contact routes, so that the government can choose the most effective measures. The pathogens Campylobacter, Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) and the transmission routes dog, cat and petting zoo were investigated using the methods of epidemiological analysis and exposure estimation. Epidemiological literature research shows that transfer of STEC O157 at petting zoos does occur, but the extent is unknown. Campylobacter infections are in many investigations associated with dogs and much less often with cats. Still, 3-6 % of human cases can be ascribed to contact with dogs and 4-7 % can be ascribed to contact with cats. For the other pathogen-route combinations transfer is insufficiently proven or not described. On the other hand, according to the method of exposure estimation, the mean exposure for the Dutch population is clearly highest for the pathogen - transmission route combination Campylobacter-dog. The exposure to STEC O157 via the three routes and to Salmonella via dogs and petting zoos is relatively small. The other pathogen-route combinations show an intermediate exposure. Work was commenced to improve the connection between both methods, aimed at converting exposure estimates to epidemiological measures of association.
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