Emissie van Cryptosporidium en Giardia door landbouwhuisdieren
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
1999-12-10
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Emissie van Cryptosporidium en Giardia door
landbouwhuisdieren
Translated Title
Emission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by farm
animals
Published in
Abstract
Het hier gepresenteerde deelonderzoek richt zich op de
relatieve bijdrage van verschillende populaties landbouwhuisdieren via mest
en afvalwater aan de totale emissie van Cryptosporidium en Giardia in
Nederland. Vleeskalveren vormen per jaar in Nederland via hun mest een
grote emissiebron van beide protozoa, namelijk naar schatting 1,5 m 10 tot
de zestinede macht oocysten van Cryptosporidium en 2,8 m 10 tot de
vijftiende macht cysten van Giardia. In mest van melkkoeien zijn ook
Giardia-cysten aangetoond, maar deze emissiebron is onvoldoende
gekwantificeerd. Cryptosporidium werd in mest van melkkoeien niet
aangetoond. Cryptosporidium en Giardia zijn niet in mest van vleeskuikens
aangetoond, derhalve levert deze mest waarschijnlijk geen bijdrage van
betekenis. Legkippen vormen een belangrijke emissiebron voor
Cryptosporidium. Echter, dit zou Cryptosporidium baileyi, welke niet
zoonotisch is, kunnen zijn, maar de species is in deze studie niet
getypeerd. Giardia werd in mest van legkippen niet aangetoond.
Slachthuisafvalwater van runderen, varkens en pluimvee levert geen bijdrage
van betekenis aan de lozing van Cryptosporidium en Giardia op het
oppervlaktewater. Op basis van het onderzoek aan kalvergier werd een hoge
emissie van Cryptosporidium en Giardia door vleeskalveren berekend. Hoewel
emissie van Cryptosporidium en Giardia vooral via de mest van vleeskalveren
aanzienlijk is, kan nog niets worden gezegd over de werkelijke bijdrage aan
de lozing van deze protozoa op het oppervlaktewater.
In this study, the relative contributions of the pathogenic protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia by manure of farm animals in The Netherlands to the total yearly environmental load was studied. Manure of veal calves forms a very large source of Cryptosporidium (1.5 m 10 square 16 oocysts per year) and of Giardia (2.8 m 10 square 15 cysts per year). The contribution of manure from dairy cattle to the emission of protozoa into the environment is uncertain. Manure of commercial egg layers forms a large source of Cryptosporidium. However, the species may be Cryptosporidium baileyi, which is not zoonotic, but the species has not been confirmed. The contribution of wastewater from slaughterhouses for cattle, pigs and poultry to discharges of Cryptosporidium and Giardia into surface water has been found to be negligible. Based on emission via slurry from calves, a high emission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by veal calves was calculated. Although manure of veal calves form a large source of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, their actual contribution to the load to surface water is still unknown.
In this study, the relative contributions of the pathogenic protozoa Cryptosporidium and Giardia by manure of farm animals in The Netherlands to the total yearly environmental load was studied. Manure of veal calves forms a very large source of Cryptosporidium (1.5 m 10 square 16 oocysts per year) and of Giardia (2.8 m 10 square 15 cysts per year). The contribution of manure from dairy cattle to the emission of protozoa into the environment is uncertain. Manure of commercial egg layers forms a large source of Cryptosporidium. However, the species may be Cryptosporidium baileyi, which is not zoonotic, but the species has not been confirmed. The contribution of wastewater from slaughterhouses for cattle, pigs and poultry to discharges of Cryptosporidium and Giardia into surface water has been found to be negligible. Based on emission via slurry from calves, a high emission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by veal calves was calculated. Although manure of veal calves form a large source of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, their actual contribution to the load to surface water is still unknown.
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