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Veehouderij en gezondheid omwonenden (VGO-III). Actualisatie epidemiologische studies 2014-2019Onderzoek naar longontstekingen rond geitenhouderijen 2018-2024
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Series / Report no.
RIVM rapport 2024-0167
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2025-01-31
Research Projects
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Journal Issue
Title
Veehouderij en gezondheid omwonenden (VGO-III). Actualisatie epidemiologische studies 2014-2019Onderzoek naar longontstekingen rond geitenhouderijen 2018-2024
Translated Title
Livestock farming and the health of local residents. Update epidemiological studies 2014-2019 Research into pneumonia around goat farms 2018-2024
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Abstract
In gebieden met veel veehouderijen, zoals in Noord-Brabant en Noord-Limburg, hebben meer mensen een longontsteking dan in gebieden met minder veehouderijen. De kans op een longontsteking blijkt vooral hoger te zijn als mensen binnen 500 tot 2000 meter van een geitenhouderij wonen. Dit bleek uit eerder onderzoek naar het verband tussen veehouderij en de gezondheid van omwonenden (VGO), en is nu bevestigd. In dit derde VGO-onderzoek blijkt deze conclusie ook te gelden voor de provincies Utrecht, Overijssel en Gelderland. Daarna is bij verschillende groepen mensen (patiënten, omwonenden en geitenhouders) en op geitenbedrijven gekeken wat de oorzaken hiervan kunnen zijn. Meer dan 30 verschillende bacteriën waarvan bekend is dat ze bij mensen een longontsteking kunnen veroorzaken, kwamen voor in de stallucht van minstens 25 procent van de onderzochte geitenbedrijven. Van deze bacteriën zijn er 23 gevonden bij patiënten, omwonenden, geitenhouders en/of in de buitenlucht rondom deze bedrijven. Veel van de bacteriën in de stallucht kwamen ook voor in de stalmest en het strooisel waar de geiten in de stal op lopen. Het is moeilijk te bewijzen dat de longontstekingen bij mensen rondom geitenhouderijen direct worden veroorzaakt door de bacteriën uit de geitenstallen. Wel zijn de gevonden bacteriën een mogelijke verklaring voor het feit dat de longontstekingen vaker voorkomen. Dat komt doordat ze zowel bij mensen, in de geitenstallen als in de omgeving zijn gevonden. In dit onderzoek is op verschillende manieren onderzocht of geitenhouderijen de bron zijn van een of meer ziekteverwekkers (bacteriën, schimmels of virussen) die longontsteking kunnen veroorzaken. Eerst is in de wetenschappelijke literatuur onderzocht welke ziekteverwekkers bij geiten voorkomen en bij mensen longontsteking kunnen veroorzaken. Daarna is bij patiënten, omwonenden en geitenhouders gekeken welke ziekteverwekkers zij bij zich droegen. In de stallen van de geitenbedrijven zijn onder andere mest, strooisel en lucht onderzocht om te kijken of de ziekteverwekkers daar zijn gevonden. Ook de buitenlucht bij woningen rond geitenstallen is onderzocht. Het RIVM, de Universiteit Utrecht, Wageningen Universiteit en het Nivel hebben het VGO-onderzoek gedaan.
In areas with intensive livestock farming, such as North Brabant and the north of Limburg, more people are diagnosed with pneumonia by their general practitioner than in areas with less intensive livestock farming. It has been shown that the risk of contracting pneumonia is higher especially for people who live between up to 500 and up to 2,000 metres away from goat farms. This finding of an earlier study into associations between livestock farming and the health of neighbouring residents (Veehouderij en Gezondheid Omwonenden, VGO) has again been confirmed. In addition, the current, third VGO study has revealed that the finding also applies to the provinces of Utrecht, Overijssel and Gelderland. Subsequently, research was conducted among various groups of people (pneumonia patients, local residents and goat farmers) and on goat farms to find possible causes behind this finding. The air in the stables at the investigated goat farms was found to contain a number of bacteria that are known to be potential causes of pneumonia in people. Over thirty of these bacteria were common, having been detected on at least 25 per cent of the goat farms. Of these bacteria, 23 were also detected among one or several of the investigated groups of people and a significant portion were detected in outdoor air surrounding homes near goat farms. Many of the bacteria in the stable air could be traced back to the use of a deep litter system, whereby goats stand on layers of manure and bedding. While it is difficult to prove that the cases of pneumonia in people living near goat farms were directly caused by bacteria from those goat farms, the found pathogenic bacteria may provide an explanation for the higher incidence of pneumonia. This is because they were found among people, at goat farms and in the air. This study consisted of various types of investigations to find out whether goat farms could be the source of one or more pathogens (bacteria, fungi or viruses) that can cause pneumonia. First, scientific literature research was conducted to identify which goat-borne pathogens can cause pneumonia in people. Next, an investigation was conducted among patients, local residents and goat farmers to identify which pathogens they carried, if any. In goat farms, the researchers examined the manure, bedding, air and a number of other factors for traces of relevant pathogens. They also examined the outdoor air surrounding homes near goat farms. This VGO study was carried out by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht University, Wageningen University and the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel).
In areas with intensive livestock farming, such as North Brabant and the north of Limburg, more people are diagnosed with pneumonia by their general practitioner than in areas with less intensive livestock farming. It has been shown that the risk of contracting pneumonia is higher especially for people who live between up to 500 and up to 2,000 metres away from goat farms. This finding of an earlier study into associations between livestock farming and the health of neighbouring residents (Veehouderij en Gezondheid Omwonenden, VGO) has again been confirmed. In addition, the current, third VGO study has revealed that the finding also applies to the provinces of Utrecht, Overijssel and Gelderland. Subsequently, research was conducted among various groups of people (pneumonia patients, local residents and goat farmers) and on goat farms to find possible causes behind this finding. The air in the stables at the investigated goat farms was found to contain a number of bacteria that are known to be potential causes of pneumonia in people. Over thirty of these bacteria were common, having been detected on at least 25 per cent of the goat farms. Of these bacteria, 23 were also detected among one or several of the investigated groups of people and a significant portion were detected in outdoor air surrounding homes near goat farms. Many of the bacteria in the stable air could be traced back to the use of a deep litter system, whereby goats stand on layers of manure and bedding. While it is difficult to prove that the cases of pneumonia in people living near goat farms were directly caused by bacteria from those goat farms, the found pathogenic bacteria may provide an explanation for the higher incidence of pneumonia. This is because they were found among people, at goat farms and in the air. This study consisted of various types of investigations to find out whether goat farms could be the source of one or more pathogens (bacteria, fungi or viruses) that can cause pneumonia. First, scientific literature research was conducted to identify which goat-borne pathogens can cause pneumonia in people. Next, an investigation was conducted among patients, local residents and goat farmers to identify which pathogens they carried, if any. In goat farms, the researchers examined the manure, bedding, air and a number of other factors for traces of relevant pathogens. They also examined the outdoor air surrounding homes near goat farms. This VGO study was carried out by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Utrecht University, Wageningen University and the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel).
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Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM