Anatomical and physiological differences between various species used in studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of xenobiotics. A review of literature
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
en
Date
1999-10-31
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Anatomical and physiological differences between
various species used in studies on the pharmacokinetics and toxicology of
xenobiotics. A review of literature
Translated Title
Anatomische en fysiologische verschillen tussen
species gebruikt in studies naar farmacokinetiek en toxicologie van
xenobiotica. Een literatuur overzicht
Published in
Abstract
Dit is het eerste rapport binnen het (deel)project
getiteld 'Specieskeuze en interspecies verschillen in relatie tot kinetiek
en dynamie van stoffen'. In dit rapport zijn relevante fysiologische en
anatomische eigenschappen ge6nventariseerd van diersoorten die het meest
gebruikt worden tijdens onderzoek naar de farmacokinetiek en toxicologische
effecten van oraal toegediende xenobiotica. De volgende diersoorten zijn
bestudeerd: mens, muis, rat, konijn, hond, varken, minipig en aap. Voor
elke diersoort zijn de anatomische en fysiologische eigenschappen van de
verschillende compartimenten van het maag-darm kanaal: mond, maag, dunne
darm, gal alsmede van het metabolisme in de lever en dunne darm beschreven.
Dit rapport is bedoeld overzicht te geven over interspecies-verschillen voor
onderzoekers betrokken bij het opstellen van risico evaluaties van stoffen
en voor onderzoekers die diermodellen gebruiken tijdens de studie naar de
farmacokinetiek en toxicokinetiek van xenobiotica. Het doel van dit project
is om inzicht te krijgen in de consequenties van anatomische en
fysiologische verschillen tussen species voor de kinetiek van verschillende
soorten verbindingen. Deze informatie moet leiden tot een verbeterde
species selectie en vervolgens tot een verbeterde dier-mens
extrapolatie.
This is the first report of the project 'Selection of species and interspecies differences in relation to kinetics and dynamics of compounds'. An inventory was made of relevant physiological and anatomical characteristics of various species most commonly used in studies on pharmacokinetics and toxicology of oral exposure to xenobiotics. The species studied were: the human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, (mini)pig and monkey. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, stomach and small intestine, and of the bile and metabolism in liver and small intestine were reviewed. This report is primarily meant as a review for researchers using animal models to study pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xenobiotics, and for risk assessors on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. The aim of the project is to gain insight into the consequences of interspecies differences in anatomy and physiology on the pharmacokinetics of various classes of compounds. In future, this should lead to improved species selection and subsequently to improved animal-human extrapolation.
This is the first report of the project 'Selection of species and interspecies differences in relation to kinetics and dynamics of compounds'. An inventory was made of relevant physiological and anatomical characteristics of various species most commonly used in studies on pharmacokinetics and toxicology of oral exposure to xenobiotics. The species studied were: the human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, (mini)pig and monkey. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, stomach and small intestine, and of the bile and metabolism in liver and small intestine were reviewed. This report is primarily meant as a review for researchers using animal models to study pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xenobiotics, and for risk assessors on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics. The aim of the project is to gain insight into the consequences of interspecies differences in anatomy and physiology on the pharmacokinetics of various classes of compounds. In future, this should lead to improved species selection and subsequently to improved animal-human extrapolation.
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