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Het gebruik van workout-supplementen door sporters in Nederland
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Series / Report no.
RIVM rapport 2021-0116
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2022-02-08
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Het gebruik van workout-supplementen door sporters in Nederland
Translated Title
Use of workout supplements by sport participants in the Netherlands
Published in
Abstract
Het gebruik van workout-supplementen lijkt gangbaar geworden. Er bestaan speciale supplementen voor sporters. Vóór het sporten worden ze ingenomen om de prestaties te verbeteren. Na het sporten gebeurt dat om het lichaam beter te laten herstellen van de inspanning.
In Nederland gebruikt ruim een kwart van de sporters voor of na het sporten één of meerdere sportsupplementen. Ze worden het vaakst gebruikt bij fitness en krachtsport, maar ook bij wielrennen en hardlopen. Meer mannen dan vrouwen gebruiken workout-supplementen. Mannen gebruiken meer verschillende producten en ook vaker per week. Sporters van 25 t/m 34 jaar gebruiken ze het meest. Dit blijkt uit onderzoek van het RIVM onder ruim 7000 amateursporters. Het gaat om mensen die minimaal één keer in de week sporten.
Sporters nemen vooral supplementen in met eiwit (proteïne), cafeïne, calcium, magnesium, vitamines en creatine. Ongeveer één op de zes mensen weet niet welke ingrediënten in hun sportsupplement zitten. Dit geldt vooral voor vrouwen en jongeren (15 t/m 24 jaar). Ongeveer tien procent van de producten die de ondervraagde sporters gebruiken, bevatte stoffen die schadelijk zouden kunnen zijn. Dat geldt vooral voor producten met veel verschillende ingrediënten. Er kunnen bijvoorbeeld stoffen in te hoge doseringen in zitten. Ook kan er doping (zoals DMAA) in zitten of verboden ingrediënten, zoals yohimbine.
Meer dan de helft van de gebruikers zegt dat de sportsupplementen werken. Bijna de helft ervaart wel eens bijwerkingen, zoals hoofdpijn, slapeloosheid, hartkloppingen en maagklachten. Voor een deel van de gebruikers waren bijwerkingen een reden om ermee te stoppen.
Veel sporters die sportsupplementen gebruiken, drinken regelmatig koffie, energiedrank en/of alcohol. Soms doen ze dat tegelijk, wat schadelijk kan zijn voor de gezondheid. Ze kunnen daardoor bijvoorbeeld te veel cafeïne binnenkrijgen. De meeste mensen vragen zich niet af of combinaties van middelen schadelijk kan zijn voor hun gezondheid.
The use of workout supplements seems to have become commonplace. There are special supplements for sport participants. Some are taken before playing sports in order to improve performance. Those taken afterwards allow the body to make a better recovery from the exertion. In the Netherlands, over a quarter of sport participants take one or more supplements either before or after playing sports. These supplements are most often used in fitness and strength training, both also in cycling and running. More men than women use workout supplements. Men use a wider variety of products and also take them more often each week. Sport participants who are aged between 25 and 34 use supplements the most. This is according to an RIVM survey of over 7,000 amateur sport participants at least once a week. Sport participants mainly take supplements containing protein, caffeine, calcium, magnesium, vitamins and creatine. Around one in six people do not know which ingredients are in their sports supplement. This is especially true for women and young people (those aged between 15 and 24). Approximately 10% of the products used by the survey participants contain substances that could be harmful. This is particularly the case for products with many different ingredients, as some of these substances could be present in excessively high doses. The products can also contain doping agents (such as DMAA) or banned ingredients like yohimbine. More than half of the users said that the sports supplements work. However, nearly half indicated occasionally experiencing side effects such as headaches, insomnia, heart palpitations and stomach upsets. For some of the users, side effects were a reason to stop taking the supplements. Many sport participants who use sports supplements regularly drink coffee, energy drinks and/or alcohol. Sometimes they consume both at the same time, which can be harmful to their health. For example, this can cause them to ingest too much caffeine. Most people do not think about whether combinations of substances can pose a health risk.
The use of workout supplements seems to have become commonplace. There are special supplements for sport participants. Some are taken before playing sports in order to improve performance. Those taken afterwards allow the body to make a better recovery from the exertion. In the Netherlands, over a quarter of sport participants take one or more supplements either before or after playing sports. These supplements are most often used in fitness and strength training, both also in cycling and running. More men than women use workout supplements. Men use a wider variety of products and also take them more often each week. Sport participants who are aged between 25 and 34 use supplements the most. This is according to an RIVM survey of over 7,000 amateur sport participants at least once a week. Sport participants mainly take supplements containing protein, caffeine, calcium, magnesium, vitamins and creatine. Around one in six people do not know which ingredients are in their sports supplement. This is especially true for women and young people (those aged between 15 and 24). Approximately 10% of the products used by the survey participants contain substances that could be harmful. This is particularly the case for products with many different ingredients, as some of these substances could be present in excessively high doses. The products can also contain doping agents (such as DMAA) or banned ingredients like yohimbine. More than half of the users said that the sports supplements work. However, nearly half indicated occasionally experiencing side effects such as headaches, insomnia, heart palpitations and stomach upsets. For some of the users, side effects were a reason to stop taking the supplements. Many sport participants who use sports supplements regularly drink coffee, energy drinks and/or alcohol. Sometimes they consume both at the same time, which can be harmful to their health. For example, this can cause them to ingest too much caffeine. Most people do not think about whether combinations of substances can pose a health risk.
Description
Publisher
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
Sponsors
BuRO