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Accessibility measures: review and applications. Evaluation of accessibility impacts of land-use transportation scenarios, and related social and economic impact
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Series / Report no.
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
en
Date
2001-06-09
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Accessibility measures: review and applications.
Evaluation of accessibility impacts of land-use transportation scenarios,
and related social and economic impact
Translated Title
Bereikbaarheidsmaten: review en case studies.
Beoordeling van bereikbaarheidseffecten van ruimtelijk-infrastructurele
scenario's, en gerelateerde sociale en economische
effecten
Published in
Abstract
In een uitgebreide literatuurstudie worden drie case
studies beschreven met als doel het beoordelen van de geschiktheid van
bereikbaarheidsmaten voor het evaluateren van de bereikbaarheidseffecten van
ruimtelijk-infrastructurele scenario's, en de daar aan gerelateerde sociale
en economische effecten. Verschillende op actiteiten en nut gebaseerde
bereikbaarheidsmaten zijn berekend om de bereikbaarheid van werkgelegenheid
per auto en openbaar vervoer te analyseren. De maten zijn toegepast voor
(1) het (basis)jaar 1995, (2) een 'Trend scenario' voor de periode
1995-2020, waarin het ruimtelijke (AcVinex) beleid en historische
ruimtelijke trends zijn doorgetrokken, (3) een 'Tolerant scenario' voor de
periode 1995-2020 waarin de woningvoorkeuren van consumenten de ruimtelijke
ontwikkeling sturen. De hoofdconclusie van het rapport is dat de huidige
(voornamelijk op infrastructuur gerichte) beoordeling van de
bereikbaarheidseffecten van (ruimtelijk-)infrastructurele plannen, projecten
en/of scenario's kan worden verbeterd, gebruik makende van bestaande
ruimtelijke en verkeersgegevens en/of -modellen. De op activiteiten
gerichte benadering is zeer geschikt om de bereikbaarheidseffecten te
beoordelen, waarbij de verschillende componenten van bereikbaarheid (de
transport-, ruimte, tijds- en individuele componenten) op bevredigende wijze
kunnen worden meegenomen, en is bovendien geschikt om sociale effecten
('equity') te beoordelen. De op nut gerichte benadering van bereikbaarheid
kan als basis worden gebruikt voor de economische waardering van
bereikbaarheid.
This report describes an extensive literature study and three case studies aimed at reviewing accessibility measures for their ability to evaluate the accessibility impacts of national land-use and transport scenarios, and related social and economic impacts. Several activity- and utility-based accessibility measures were computed to analyse job accessibility by car and public transport in the Netherlands for: (1) the (base) year 1995, (2) a Trend, or business-as-usual, scenario, representing the continuation of (restrictive) Dutch land-use policies and historical land-use trends for 1995-2020, (2) a Tolerant scenario, representing a land-use scenario, in which consumers' housing preferences determine land-use developments for 1995-2020. The scenarios are based on calculations using national land-use models and a national transport model. The main conclusion arising from this study is that the current Dutch practice of evaluating the (infrastructure-based) accessibility impacts of (land-use) transport projects, plans or scenarios can be improved by estimating activity-based accessibility measures, using existing land-use and transport data, and/or models. Activity-based accessibility measures are very well able to analyse accessibility impacts, satisfactorily incorporate the different components of accessibility (i.e. the transport, land-use, temporal and individual components) and serve as a useful tool for analysing social impacts. Utility-based accessibility measures may provide a useful basis for economic evaluations of land-use transport scenarios, but further research is necessary to analyse the added value to existing evaluation methods.
This report describes an extensive literature study and three case studies aimed at reviewing accessibility measures for their ability to evaluate the accessibility impacts of national land-use and transport scenarios, and related social and economic impacts. Several activity- and utility-based accessibility measures were computed to analyse job accessibility by car and public transport in the Netherlands for: (1) the (base) year 1995, (2) a Trend, or business-as-usual, scenario, representing the continuation of (restrictive) Dutch land-use policies and historical land-use trends for 1995-2020, (2) a Tolerant scenario, representing a land-use scenario, in which consumers' housing preferences determine land-use developments for 1995-2020. The scenarios are based on calculations using national land-use models and a national transport model. The main conclusion arising from this study is that the current Dutch practice of evaluating the (infrastructure-based) accessibility impacts of (land-use) transport projects, plans or scenarios can be improved by estimating activity-based accessibility measures, using existing land-use and transport data, and/or models. Activity-based accessibility measures are very well able to analyse accessibility impacts, satisfactorily incorporate the different components of accessibility (i.e. the transport, land-use, temporal and individual components) and serve as a useful tool for analysing social impacts. Utility-based accessibility measures may provide a useful basis for economic evaluations of land-use transport scenarios, but further research is necessary to analyse the added value to existing evaluation methods.
Description
Publisher
Universiteit Utrecht-URU
Sponsors
RIVM