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    The oral bioavailability of nitrate from vegetables investigated in healthy volunteers

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    Authors
    Lambers AC
    Kortboyer JM
    Schothorst RC
    Sips AJAM
    Cleven RFMJ
    Meulenbelt J
    Type
    Report
    Language
    en
    
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    Title
    The oral bioavailability of nitrate from vegetables investigated in healthy volunteers
    Translated Title
    De orale biobeschikbaarheid van nitraat uit groenten onderzocht in gezonde vrijwilligers
    Publiekssamenvatting
    De grootste bron van nitraatblootstelling is groente. In verschillende onderzoeken is de totale dagelijkse nitraatinname geschat op basis van het nitraatgehalte in voedsel en drinkwater. Echter alleen het nitraat dat door het maagdarmkanaal wordt geabsorbeerd zou kunnen bijdragen aan de toxiciteit van nitraat. Op dit moment zijn er geen gegevens beschikbaar over de biobeschikbaarheid van nitraat uit groente. Daarom is dit onderzoek uitgevoerd om de biobeschikbaarheid van nitraat uit frequent geconsumeerde nitraatrijke groenten te evalueren. In een crossover design kregen 12 vrijwilligers toegediend: 365 mg nitraat intraveneus en 300 gram spinazie, sla en rode bieten met respectievelijk 564 mg, 1013 mg en 643 mg nitraat toegediend. Plasmamonsters om nitraatconcentraties te bepalen, werden afgenomen om de biobeschikbaarheid van nitraat uit groenten te berekenen. De biobeschikbaarheid met correctie voor de endogene nitraatproductie was voor spinazie 98% plus minus 12%, voor sla 113% plus minus 14% en voor bieten 106% 4 15%. De biobeschikbaarheid zonder correctie voor de endogene nitraatproductie was voor spinazie 91% plus minus 10%, voor sla 89% plus minus 13% en voor bieten 93% plus minus 12%. Er kan worden geconcludeerd, dat de biobeschikbaarheid van nitraat uit de onderzochte groenten zeer hoog is.<br>
    The major source of human nitrate exposure comes from vegetables. Several studies were performed to estimate the total daily dietary nitrate intake based on the nitrate contents of food and drinking water. However, only nitrate that is absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract may contribute to the toxicity of nitrate in the body. At present no data are available on the bioavailability of nitrate from vegetables. Therefore the present study was performed to evaluate the oral bioavailability of nitrate from frequently consumed nitrate-rich vegetables. In a crossover design 12 participants were administered 365 mg nitrate intravenously and 300 grams of spinach, lettuce and beetroot with, respectively, 564 mg, 1013 mg and 643 mg nitrate. Plasma samples were collected to determine the nitrate concentration so as to calculate the bioavailability of nitrate from the vegetables. Correcting for the endogenous nitrate production, the oral bioavailability of nitrate (mean plusminus 15%) was revealed to be 98% (plusminus 12%) for spinach, 113% (plusminus 14%) for lettuce and 106% (plusminus 15% for beetroot. When the endogenous nitrate production was not taken into account, the bioavailability was 91% (plusmunis 10%) for spinach, 89% (plusminus 13%) for lettuce and 93% (plusminus 12%) for beetroot. From these results, the oral bioavailability of nitrate from spinach, lettuce and beetroot is concluded to be very high.<br>
    Publisher
    Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
    Sponsors
    GZB
    Inspectie V en W
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10029/261958
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