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Loodinname via kraanwater : Blootstellings- en risicobeoordeling voor diverse risicogroepen
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Series / Report no.
RIVM briefrapport 2019-0090
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2019-11-06
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Loodinname via kraanwater : Blootstellings- en risicobeoordeling voor diverse risicogroepen
Translated Title
Lead ingestion via tap water : Exposure and risk assessment for various high-risk groups
Published in
Abstract
Mensen kunnen via kraanwater lood binnenkrijgen. Dit is vooral het geval bij oude huizen die nog loden waterleidingen hebben. Ook kan in huizen met nieuwe leidingen en kranen die nog niet goed zijn doorgespoeld, tijdelijk meer lood in het kraanwater zitten. Het RIVM heeft berekend dat kraanwater in deze situaties een grote bijdrage kan leveren aan de totale dagelijkse blootstelling aan lood via voedsel en water. Voor baby's die flesvoeding krijgen met kraanwater uit deze leidingen kan die bijdrage oplopen tot 80 procent. Bewoners krijgen in deze situaties meer lood binnen dan wat als veilig wordt beschouwd.
Bewoners van oude huizen met loden waterleidingen kunnen hun blootstelling aan lood verlagen door oude loden leidingen te laten vervangen. Bewoners van huizen met nieuwe leidingen en/of kranen wordt aangeraden het doorspoeladvies op te volgen. Blootstelling aan lood kan een negatief effect hebben op het IQ van kinderen. Bij volwassenen kan het een grotere kans op nierziekten of een hogere bloeddruk geven.
Het RIVM heeft berekend wat vier risicogroepen (het ongeboren kind, flesgevoede baby's, kinderen tot 7 jaar, en volwassenen) aan lood kunnen binnenkrijgen. Omdat mensen ook via voedsel worden blootgesteld aan lood, is deze bron ook meegenomen in de berekeningen. De berekende totale inname is ten slotte vergeleken met de grenswaarde, waarboven schadelijke effecten kunnen optreden.
Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van het ministerie van Volksgezondheid, Welzijn en Sport (VWS) als ondersteuning van de GGD'en. GGD'en zullen de onderzoekresultaten en conclusies gebruiken om met relevante partners één duidelijke voorlichtingsboodschap te maken.
People can ingest lead via tap water. This is particularly true in old houses that still have lead water pipes. More lead can also be temporarily present in tap water in houses with new pipes and taps that have not yet been adequately flushed out. RIVM has calculated that in these situations, tap water can contribute a large part of the total daily exposure to lead through food and water. For babies who are bottle-fed with infant milk made with tap water from these pipes, tap water can contribute as much as 80% of the total exposure. In these situations, residents have a higher exposure to lead than may be considered as safe. Residents of old houses with lead water pipes can reduce their exposure to lead by replacing old lead pipes, and residents of houses with new pipes and taps by flushing new taps and pipes as recommended. Exposure to lead can have a negative effect on the IQ of children. In adults, it can increase the likelihood of kidney diseases or high blood pressure. For this study, RIVM calculated the exposure to lead for four high-risk groups (unborn child, bottle-fed infants, children up to the age of 7, and adults). As people are also exposed to lead via the food they eat, this source was also included in the calculations. The calculated total intake was compared with a limit value above which harmful effects can occur. This study was performed in order of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports to support the Municipal Public Health Services. These services, in collaboration with relevant partners, will use the calculations and conclusions to draft a clear information message.
People can ingest lead via tap water. This is particularly true in old houses that still have lead water pipes. More lead can also be temporarily present in tap water in houses with new pipes and taps that have not yet been adequately flushed out. RIVM has calculated that in these situations, tap water can contribute a large part of the total daily exposure to lead through food and water. For babies who are bottle-fed with infant milk made with tap water from these pipes, tap water can contribute as much as 80% of the total exposure. In these situations, residents have a higher exposure to lead than may be considered as safe. Residents of old houses with lead water pipes can reduce their exposure to lead by replacing old lead pipes, and residents of houses with new pipes and taps by flushing new taps and pipes as recommended. Exposure to lead can have a negative effect on the IQ of children. In adults, it can increase the likelihood of kidney diseases or high blood pressure. For this study, RIVM calculated the exposure to lead for four high-risk groups (unborn child, bottle-fed infants, children up to the age of 7, and adults). As people are also exposed to lead via the food they eat, this source was also included in the calculations. The calculated total intake was compared with a limit value above which harmful effects can occur. This study was performed in order of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports to support the Municipal Public Health Services. These services, in collaboration with relevant partners, will use the calculations and conclusions to draft a clear information message.
Description
Publisher
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
Sponsors
Programmacollege Gezondheid en Milieu ; Ministerie van VWS