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Staat van Zoönosen 2018
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Series / Report no.
RIVM rapport 2019-0185
Open Access
Type
Report
Language
nl
Date
2019-12-03
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Title
Staat van Zoönosen 2018
Translated Title
State of Zoonotic Diseases 2018
Published in
Abstract
Zoönosen zijn infectieziekten die van dieren naar mensen kunnen worden overgedragen. Evenals in vorige jaren waren er in 2018 geen opmerkelijke veranderingen te zien in de mate waarin zoönosen voorkomen in Nederland. Ook in 2018 zorgden bacteriële infecties via voedsel, zoals Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella en STEC, voor de meeste infecties bij mensen. Het aantal mensen met een STEC-infectie is, na de daling van de afgelopen jaren, weer iets gestegen ten opzichte van 2017. In 2014 is het aantal gevallen van leptospirose sterk gestegen, waarna het aantal langzaam is afgenomen. De ziekte kan onder andere worden opgelopen door te zwemmen in oppervlaktewater dat met rattenurine is besmet. Ook in 2018 is het aantal gevallen weer lager, maar nog wel hoger dan voor 2014.
Teken kunnen diverse zoönosen overbrengen. De ziekte van Lyme is de bekendste en komt het meest voor. Een minder bekende zoönose is een infectie met Borrelia miyamotoi. In 2018 is voor de tweede keer in Nederland bij iemand deze diagnose gesteld. Net als in de afgelopen drie jaar zijn de Nederlandse vogels (vooral merels) ook in 2018 hard getroffen door het Usutuvirus. Deze zoönose veroorzaakte nauwelijks ernstige ziekteverschijnselen bij mensen. Dit blijkt uit de Staat van Zoönosen 2018. Het RIVM geeft elk jaar een overzicht van de zoönosen die voor Nederland van belang zijn en welke ontwikkelingen daarin te zien zijn. Het gaat om de zoönosen die onder andere vanwege hun besmettelijkheid moeten worden gemeld bij de GGD (voor mensen) of de NVWA (voor dieren).
Het themahoofdstuk van de Staat van Zoonosen gaat dit jaar over preventie van zoönosen, met de nadruk op de productieketen van dierlijk voedsel. Het hoofdstuk geeft onder andere een globaal overzicht van maatregelen in Nederland om zoönosen bij mensen te voorkomen. Zo worden melkgeiten gevaccineerd tegen q-koorts. Het personeel van slachterijen treft hygiënemaatregelen om te voorkomen dat zij zichzelf en het vlees besmetten. Voorbeelden daarvan zijn bedrijfskleding dragen, handen wassen en niet eten, roken of drinken tijdens de werkzaamheden. Ook kunnen consumenten thuis besmetting voorkomen, bijvoorbeeld door hun eten onder de juiste temperaturen te bewaren.
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted to people from animals. As in previous years, there were no striking changes in the incidence of zoonoses in the Netherlands in 2018. In 2018 too, food-borne bacteria, such as Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), caused the most infections in people. After having fallen in recent years, the number of people with a STEC infection rose slightly compared with 2017.In 2014, the number of cases of leptospirosis increased steeply, after which it slowly decreased. The disease can be contracted in various ways, including by swimming in surface water that is contaminated with rat's urine. The number fell again in 2018 but is still higher than before 2014. Ticks are able to transmit various zoonoses, the best known and most common of which is Lyme disease. A lesser known zoonosis is the infection caused by Borrelia miyamotoi. The second case of this disease in the Netherlands was diagnosed in 2018. Dutch birds, primarily blackbirds, were badly hit by the Usutu virus in 2018, as was the case in the previous three years. This zoonosis rarely causes severe symptoms in peopleThis is according to the findings published in RIVM's State of Zoonoses 2018. Every year, RIVM publishes an overview of the zoonoses, and related developments, that are important for the Netherlands. The publication covers zoonoses of which cases among people must be reported to the Municipal Public Health Services (GGD) and cases among animals, to the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA). This year, the focus chapter of the State of Zoonoses discusses prevention, with the emphasis on the production chains of foods of animal origin. It also gives an overall summary of the measures taken in the Netherlands to prevent zoonoses in people. For example, milk goats are vaccinated against Q fever. The personnel at abattoirs take hygiene measures to prevent themselves and the meat they work with from becoming contaminated. Examples of such measures include the wearing of workwear, washing of hands and not eating, smoking or drinking during working activities. Consumers at home can also prevent infection, for example by storing their food at the correct temperatures.
Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted to people from animals. As in previous years, there were no striking changes in the incidence of zoonoses in the Netherlands in 2018. In 2018 too, food-borne bacteria, such as Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), caused the most infections in people. After having fallen in recent years, the number of people with a STEC infection rose slightly compared with 2017.In 2014, the number of cases of leptospirosis increased steeply, after which it slowly decreased. The disease can be contracted in various ways, including by swimming in surface water that is contaminated with rat's urine. The number fell again in 2018 but is still higher than before 2014. Ticks are able to transmit various zoonoses, the best known and most common of which is Lyme disease. A lesser known zoonosis is the infection caused by Borrelia miyamotoi. The second case of this disease in the Netherlands was diagnosed in 2018. Dutch birds, primarily blackbirds, were badly hit by the Usutu virus in 2018, as was the case in the previous three years. This zoonosis rarely causes severe symptoms in peopleThis is according to the findings published in RIVM's State of Zoonoses 2018. Every year, RIVM publishes an overview of the zoonoses, and related developments, that are important for the Netherlands. The publication covers zoonoses of which cases among people must be reported to the Municipal Public Health Services (GGD) and cases among animals, to the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA). This year, the focus chapter of the State of Zoonoses discusses prevention, with the emphasis on the production chains of foods of animal origin. It also gives an overall summary of the measures taken in the Netherlands to prevent zoonoses in people. For example, milk goats are vaccinated against Q fever. The personnel at abattoirs take hygiene measures to prevent themselves and the meat they work with from becoming contaminated. Examples of such measures include the wearing of workwear, washing of hands and not eating, smoking or drinking during working activities. Consumers at home can also prevent infection, for example by storing their food at the correct temperatures.
Description
Publisher
Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM
Sponsors
Ministerie van VWS